Tuesday, January 23, 2007

The day when I had a Miscarriage : Sad Mode :

Date: Monday, 15th January 2007


Miscarriage
From Wikipedia

Miscarriage or spontaneous abortion is the natural or spontaneous end of a pregnancy at a stage where the embryo or the fetus is incapable of surviving, generally defined at a gestation of prior to 20 weeks. Miscarriages are the most common complication of pregnancy. The medical term "abortion" refers to any terminated pregnancy, deliberately induced or spontaneous, although in common parlance it refers specifically to active termination of pregnancy.

Terminology


Very early miscarriages - those which occur before the sixth week LMP (since the woman's Last Menstrual Period) are medically termed early pregnancy loss. Miscarriages that occur after the sixth week LMP are medically termed clinical spontaneous abortion.

In medical contexts, the word "abortion" refers to any process by which a pregnancy ends with the death and removal or expulsion of the fetus, regardless of whether it's spontaneous or intentionally induced. Many women who have had miscarriages, however, object to the term "abortion" in connection with their experience, as it is generally associated with induced abortions. In recent years there has been discussion in the medical community about avoiding the use of this term in favor of the less ambiguous term "miscarriage."

Labor resulting in live birth before the 37th week of pregnancy is termed "premature birth," even if the infant dies shortly afterward. Although long-term survival has never been reported for infants born from pregnancy shorter than 21 weeks, infants born as early as the 16th week of pregnancy may cry and live a few minutes or hours.

A fetus that dies while in the uterus after about the 20th week of pregnancy is termed a "stillbirth". Premature births or stillbirths are not generally considered miscarriages, though usage of the terms and causes of these events may overlap.

Prevalence

Determining the prevalence of miscarriage is difficult. Many miscarriages happen very early in the pregnancy, before a woman may know she is pregnant. Treatment of women with miscarriage at home means medical statistics on miscarriage miss many cases.[4] Prospective studies using very sensitive early pregnancy tests have found that 25% of pregnancies are miscarried by the sixth week LMP (since the woman's Last Menstrual Period).

The risk of miscarriage decreases sharply after the 8th week, i.e. when the fetal stage begins. Clinical miscarriages (those occurring after the sixth week LMP) occur in 8% of pregnancies.

The prevalence of miscarriage increases considerably with age of the parents. Pregnancies from men younger than twenty-five years are 40% less likely to end in miscarriage than pregnancies from men 25-29 years. Pregnancies from men older than forty years are 60% more like to end in miscarriage than the 25-29 year age group. The increased risk of miscarriage in pregnancies from older men is mainly seen in the first trimester. In women, by the age of forty-five, 75% of pregnancies may end in miscarriage.

Detection

The most common symptom of a miscarriage is bleeding; bleeding during pregnancy may be referred to as a threatened abortion. Of women who seek clinical treatment for bleeding during pregnancy, about half will go on to have a miscarriage. Symptoms other than bleeding are not statistically related to miscarriage.

Miscarriage may also be detected during an ultrasound exam, or through serial human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) testing. Women pregnant from ART methods, and women with a history of miscarriage, may be monitored closely and so detect a miscarriage sooner than women without such monitoring.

Several medical options exist for managing documented nonviable pregnancies that have not been expelled naturally.

Forms and types

A complete abortion is when all products of conception have been expelled. Products of conception may include the trophoblast, chorionic villi, gestational sac, yolk sac, and fetal pole (embryo); or later in pregnancy the fetus, umbilical cord, placenta, and caul.

An incomplete abortion occurs when tissue has been passed, but some remains in utero.

An empty sac is a condition where the gestational sac develops normally, while the embryonal part of the pregnancy is either absent or stops growing very early. Other terms for this condition are blighted ovum and anembryonic pregnancy.

A missed abortion is when the embryo or fetus has died, but a miscarriage has not yet occurred. It is also referred to as delayed miscarriage.

Several management options exist for miscarriages which have not completed on their own.

A septic abortion occurs when the tissue from a missed or incomplete abortion becomes infected. The infection of the womb carries risk of spreading infection (septicaemia) and is a grave risk to the life of the woman.

Recurrent miscarriage

Main article: Habitual abortion

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) or recurrent miscarriage (medically termed habitual abortion) is the occurrence of 3 consecutive miscarriages. A large majority (85%) of women who have had two miscarriages will conceive and carry normally afterwards, so statistically the occurrence of three abortions at 0.34% is regarded as "habitual".

There are various medical conditions associated with this problem (e.g. antiphospholipid syndrome), some of which may be corrected with medication.

Management

Blood loss during early pregnancy is the most common symptom of both miscarriage and of ectopic pregnancy. Pain does not strongly correlate with miscarriage, but is a common symptom of ectopic pregnancy. In the case of concerning blood loss, pain, or both, transvaginal ultrasound is performed. If a viable intrauterine pregnancy is not found with ultrasound, serial βHCG tests should be performed to rule out ectopic pregnancy, which is a life-threatening situation.



If the bleeding is light, making an appointment to see one's doctor is recommended. If bleeding is heavy, there is considerable pain, or there is a fever, then emergency medical attention should be sought.

No treatment is necessary for a diagnosis of complete abortion (as long as ectopic pregnancy is ruled out). In cases of an incomplete abortion, empty sac, or missed abortion there are three treatment options:

* With no treatment (watchful waiting), most of these cases (65-80%) will pass
naturally within two to six weeks. This path avoids the side effects and
complications possible from medications and surgery.

* Medical management usually consists of using misoprostol (a prostaglandin,
brand name Cytotec) to encourage completion of the miscarriage. About 95% of
cases treated with misoprostol will complete within a few days.

* Surgical treatment (most commonly dilation and curettage, or D&C) is the
fastest way to complete the miscarriage. It also shortens the duration and
heaviness of bleeding, and is the best treatment for physical pain associated
with the miscarriage. In cases of repeated miscarriage or later-term pregnancy
loss, D&C is also the best way to obtain tissue samples for pathology
examination.

Pathology

When looking for gross or microscopic pathologic symptoms of miscarriage, one looks for the products of conception. Microscopically, these include villi, trophoblast, fetal parts, and background gestational changes in the endometrium. Genetic tests may also be performed to look for abnormal chromosome arrangements.

Causes

Miscarriages can occur for many reasons, not all of which can be identified.

First trimester

Most miscarriages (more than three-quarters) occur during the first trimester.

Chromosomal abnormalities are found in more than half of embryos miscarried in the first 13 weeks. A pregnancy with a genetic problem has a 95% chance of ending in miscarriage. Most chromosomal problems happen by chance, have nothing to do with the parents, and are unlikely to recur. Genetic problems are more likely to occur with older parents; this may account for the higher miscarriage rates observed in older women.

Another cause of early miscarriage may be progesterone deficiency. Women diagnosed with low progesterone levels in the second half of their menstrual cycle (luteal phase) may be prescribed progesterone supplements, to be taken for the first trimester of pregnancy.

Second trimester

Up to 15% of pregnancy losses in the second trimester may be due to uterine malformation, growths in the uterus (fibroids), or cervical problems. These conditions may also contribute to premature birth.

One study found that 19% of second trimester losses were caused by problems with the umbilical cord. Problems with the placenta may also account for a significant number of later-term miscarriages.

General risk factors

Pregnancies involving more than one fetus are at increased risk of miscarriage.

Uncontrolled diabetes greatly increases the risk of miscarriage. Women with controlled diabetes are not at higher risk of miscarriage. Because diabetes may develop during pregnancy (gestational diabetes), an important part of prenatal care is to monitor for signs of the disease. High blood pressure and certain illnesses (such as rubella and chlamydia) increase the risk of miscarriage.

Tobacco (cigarette) smokers have an increased risk of miscarriage. An increase in miscarriage is also associated with the husband being a cigarette smoker. The husband study observed a 4% increased risk for husbands who smoke less than 20 cigarettes/day, and an 81% increased risk for husbands who smoke 20 or more cigarettes/day.

Severe cases of hypothyroidism increase the risk of miscarriage. The effect of milder cases of hypothyroidism on miscarriage rates has not been established. Certain immune conditions such as autoimmune diseases greatly increase the risk of miscarriage.

Cocaine use increases miscarriage rates.

Physical trauma, exposure to certain chemicals, obesity, high caffeine intake (> 300 mg/day), high levels of alcohol consumption, and use of NSAIDs have also been linked to increased risk of miscarriage.[citation needed]

Psychological aspects

Although a woman physically recovers from a miscarriage quickly, psychological recovery for parents in general can take a long time. People differ a lot in this regard: some are 'over it' after a few months, others take more than a year. Still others may feel relief or other less negative emotions.

For those who do go through a process of grief, it is often as if the baby had been born but died. How short a time the fetus lived in the womb may not matter for the feeling of loss. From the moment pregnancy is discovered, the parents can start to bond with the unborn child. When the child turns out not to be viable, dreams, fantasies and plans for the future are disturbed roughly.

Besides the feeling of loss, a lack of understanding by others is often important. People who have not experienced a miscarriage themselves may find it hard to empathise with what has occurred and how upsetting it may be. This may lead to unrealistic expectations of the parents' recovery. The pregnancy and miscarriage are hardly mentioned anymore in conversation, often too because the subject is too painful. This can make the woman feel particularly isolated.

Interaction with pregnant women and newborn children is often also painful for parents who have experienced miscarriage. Sometimes this makes interaction with friends, acquaintances and family very difficult.

Possible Miscarriage Causes

Other things which may contribute to early pregnancy loss include:

* multiple pregnancy
* maternal age - there is a rise in miscarriage risk as maternal age increases.
For women less than 35, the clinical miscarriage rate is 6.4%, for age 35-40 it
is 14.7% and over the age of 40 it is 23.1%.
* poorly controlled diabetes - but not that which is well controlled
* scleroderma - a soft tissue disease
* fever over 100F
* smoking - 30-50% increased risk (even after correction for socioeconomic
status)
* previous contraceptive pill use results in a slight reduction in the risk of
miscarriage
* occupational exposure to solvents increases the risk of miscarriage

Sesungguhnya daripada "DIA" kita datang dan kepada "DIA" jugalah kita kembali..... AMIN

Simple Rules To Be Happy (As I really try to make myself Happy)



Remember the five simple rules to be happy:

1. Free your heart from hatred
2. Free your mind from worries
3. Live simply
4. Give more
5. Expect less



No one can go back and make a brand new start. Anyone can start from now and make a brand new ending. god didn't promise days without pain, Laughter without sorrow, sun without rain, but he did promise strenght for the day, comfort for the tears and light for the way.



Dissapointments are like road humps, they slow you down a bit but you enjoy the smooth road afterwards. Don't stay on the humps too long. Move on!!

When you feel down because you didn't get what you want, just sit tight and be happy, because God is thinking of something better to




When something happens to you, good or bad, consider what it means. There's a purpose to life's events, to teach you how to laugh more or not to cry too hard.

You can't make someone love you, all you can do is be someone who can be loved, the rest is up to the person to realise your worth.




The measure of love is when you love without measure. In life there are very rare chances that you'll meet the person you love and loves you in return. So once you have it don't ever let go, the chance might never come your way again.




It's better to lose your pride to the one you love, than to lose the one you love because of pride.

We spend too much time looking for the right person to love or finding fault with those we already love, when instead we should be perfecting the love we give.




When you truly care for someone, you don't look faults, you don't look for answers, you don't look for mistakes. Instead, you fight the mistakes, you accept the faults, and you overlook the excuses.

Never abandone an old friend. You will never find one who can take his place. Friendship is like wine, it gets better as it grows older.

p/s: I really try to make myself look and feel happy but the fact is I was really-really sad (only GOD knows)

Thursday, January 11, 2007

The Physiology of Tears

This may help you in your search. William H. Frey published a book in 1985 called Crying: The Mystery of Tears which denotes his research on the toxcicity of emotional tears...

Mothering, Winter, 1996 by Ellie Becker


WE ALL KNOW WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE CHOP AN onion - we cry. These tears are called reflex, or irritant, tears, produced when the surface of the eye is irritated. Dust, smoke, or a grain of sand will bring forth these tears to eliminate or reduce the harmful effects of the irritant. Both humans and animals also constantly produce a fluid called "basol" or "continual," tears, which keeps the surface of the eye moist and helps prevent infection. Some scientists speculate that basal tears are a type of irritant tear, generated by irritation produced by the movement of the eyelid and the gentle passage of air across the surface of the eye.
However, when biochemist William H. Frey II set out to study crying, he wondered about emotional tears. He knew that nature phases out biological functions that are no longer necessary for survival. He therefore theorized that the ability to shed emotional tears must have a specific physiological purpose. When a two-year search for scientific data yielded no satisfactory answers to his questions, Frey decided to conduct his own research. His formal stud of crying, commencing in 1979 and resulting in the 1985 publication of his book Crying: The Mystery of Tears, began with the premise that emotional tears carry away harmful chemicals produced in response to stress, and thereby play a central role in restoring the chemical balance of the body.
Frey set out to measure and compare the chemical composition of irritant and emotional tears. Aware that specific proteins in tears function as detoxifiers while controlling infectious agents and regulating rates of chemical reactions, he wanted to determine if emotional and irritant tears differed in protein concentration. He found that the protein concentration of emotional tears is 21 percent higher than that of irritant tears. He also discovered that human tears contain the endorphin leucine-enkephalin as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the hormone prolactin. Leucine-enkephalin is thought to affect pain sensation and to modulate stress-induced changes in the immune system, while ACTH is released from the pituitary gland and is an indicator of stress.

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Perhaps most intriguing is Frey's discovery of prolactin in the lacrimol gland, the gland that produces tears. Prolactin stimulates lactation in the mammory gland, and he speculated that it also stimulates tear production in the lacrimal gland. Frey knew that prolactin levels are 50 to 60 percent higher in women than in men, and he theorized that higher levels of prolactin may lower the threshold of cryin - which might explain in part why women cry more than men. Frey also postulated anotomical differences between the tear glands of men and women, a hypothesis that research has since confirmed.[1]

Frey is quick to point out that while hormonal and anatomical differences may contribute to the dissimilarities between male and female crying, social conditioning plays a major role in defining male crying behavior. He has received letters from men who have not cried since childhood and who have seeking to regain this capacity. Frey himself realized in his 20s that he had not shed a tear since age 12. He then made a conscious effort to express his feelings and was eventually able to cry when moved or upset.

Frey hopes that other scientists will focus their research on the biological aspects of crying. He believes that the study of tears will shed light on the biochemical basis of emotion. "Crying it out" may be more than a figurative expression; it may be a literal description of what occurs as the body rids itself of stress-induced chemicals. Holding back tears, on the other hand, may impede the body's return to equilibrium after stress. As Frey says, "When we teach children to suppress their feelings and not to cry, we do them a great disservice by robbing them of one of nature's adaptive responses to emotional stress."[2]

NOTES

1. Ann Cornell-Bell, David Sullivan, and Mathea Allansmith, "Gender-Related Differences in the Morphology of the Locrimal Gland" investigative Ophtholmology ond Visual Science 26 (Aug 1985): 1170-1175. 2. Willliam H. Frey II, Crying: The Mystery of Tears (New York: Harper S, Row, 1985), 103.

COPYRIGHT 1996 Mothering Magazine
COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale Group


Hmmm... I wish I could get my hands on the original research article...

_________________________________________________



No Man is worth a woman's tears. The only one who's worth her tears is the one who knows he could but would never, ever make her cry."


Interesting piece of information

"There was a study done where a control group of 100 people were
divided into two.

50 people watched a very funny, tears-of laughter type movie.
50 watched a very sad and tears of compassion type movie.

At the end of the sessions researchers collected the "happy tears" and
the sad tears" with eye droppers.

They found that "happy tears" are made up of brine...salt water and not
a great deal else

However the "sad tears" were found to contain the very same chemicals
and enzymes that are found in tumors, ulcers and other such lumps and bumps
and sicknesses through out the body.

This test concluded that the body, when crying in sadness etc is
literally flushing out all of the toxic-chemicals that
accumulate and are a part of the sadness /heartache experience.

Therefore if one holds back those tears, those toxic-waters will find
somewhere else to deposit themselves... .

and prolonged lack-of-crying-release will guarantee that the body will

accumulate a huge amount of internal pollution and toxicity that should
have been released through the tears........ is it any wonder that the eyes
sting so much when we hold back our tears?"

LESSON FROM THE STUDY:CRY YOUR HEART OUT WHEN YOU ARE SAD,LONELY,ALONE,DEPRESSED,ETC.....

IT IS GOOD FOR YOUR HEALTH!

Wednesday, January 10, 2007

Novel : Hati Seorang Wanita



Dia dilahirkan diluar kemahuan ayah dan ibunya. Namun, dia pasrah dengan ketetapan ILAHI walau dendam terus menghuni di hati. Perkahwinan yang diatur kiranya tidak menjanjikan apa-apa. Bagi dia, suami milik isteri yang abadi. Mesti dikasihi sepenuh hati. Rupa-rupanya tidak ada apa yang dapat dipegang pada janji manis seorang lelaki.

Sekian lama mencari di mana harga diri, di mana kesilapa diri, dia bangun semula bersama tekad di hati. Meski disingkir, meski diuji, namun jiwanya tak pernah mati. Bahagia mesti dicari, peristiwa pahit mesti dilupai kerana hati wanitanya percaya, esok masih ada cahaya, masih ada sinar bahagia.

Friday, January 05, 2007

SCHOOL DAY FOR AMIFIQUE

Lilypie 6th to 18th Ticker

Lilypie 5th Birthday Ticker

Times flies by as my two sons now has gone to school (Kindergarten) 3rd January 2007 (bestnya tgk anak pegi sekolah) ..... preferred places is Smart Readers Worldwide which is in B******* area. Which at first we thought that is was the nearest of all for both of us. The First and second day is a day which u really need a strenght to communicate & to use ur own phsychology to give more confident to your child in order for them to go back to school on the other day. But luckily I have a sons which they really keen to go to school but not for the day care session (Taska)....(uissssshhh..........PAYAH nya!!)

It's quite hard for you (esp grandma)to leave your son to school for the whole day especially right after the school; that they have to attend for a day care session until we were back from work, furthermore they (son) keep complaining that the school is not nice (bored) no game to play as compared to his grandma and our house, no tv channel that suites them and so other excuses that they gave for not coming to the day care session on the next day.

And on the Grandma site; of course she will keep defending her grandchild saying that (diaorang tak pandai lagi, kecik lagi, 'culture-shock', daripada kecik aku bela..diaorang tak biasa....etc...etc...) and at the same time she will cry and insist for not sending the kids to the day care centre (Taska) and of course she will remember on her very precious moments with the grandchildren (saat diaorang bersama) ..... but time has to change and 'WE' as a parent we have to do something to serve the best for the kids for their future jugak;

For us the parents; The programme is perfect to develop the minds of children to be inquisitive and creative. Built on a uniquely designed concept, it offers an imaginative and educational experience that cannot be matched.

Smart Readers has did their very best in providing their services to teach your child as what u have expected once u enroll the kids. As they provide ur child with a few subject that is really worth such as:-

English
Science
Bahasa Melayu
Creative Work
Mandarin
Computer
Mathematics
Music
Hygiene
Environmental Education
Moral
Kindercooking


Besides :-

* A specially designed learning environment
* Small group learning with individual attention
* Well-trained teachers by their corporate lecturers and trainers.
* Termly reports on the child’s progress

For further info:-

Please call SMARTLINE at 03 –2300 2555 to enrol your child at a centre nearest to you.

To my beloved AMIFIQUE :

MAMA & AYAH will alwiz love you and provide u as best and as gud as we could for your future living. PERCAYALAH

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